Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences

Asadova Afaq Isa gizi 

Doctor of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor

The following are recognized as the main directions and problems of world philosophy:

- The analysis and significance of language (analyzing how the structure of language influences philosophical reflection and the nature of semantic ambiguity);

- The "hard problem" of consciousness (how physical processes in the brain give rise to subjective experience);

- Metaphysics and ontology (what exists and the nature of its properties);

- Meta-ethics (analysis of fundamental ethical concepts—e.g., "good" and "evil"—and the distinction between facts—"what is"—and values—"what ought to be");

- The demarcation problem (distinguishing science from non-science and pseudoscience);

- Problems of logic (distinguishing between logical systems and justifying propositions considered true). Analytical studies provide significant opportunities to examine the "issue of language and logic"—a topic that remains highly relevant—more deeply and broadly within the tradition of analytical philosophical inquiry. For Azerbaijan, language must be investigated at a new level, both as a distinct spiritual-communicative entity and as the spiritual-cultural wealth of the people. What is crucial here is not merely studying language in terms of its autonomous spiritual-communicative functionality, but also conducting an adequate analysis within the contexts of an ancient people's successful self-assertion in the linguistic sphere and the language's unifying role across the broader Turkic World (encompassing philosophical, scientific, artistic, and everyday dimensions).