Scientists from the University of Oulu in Finland have conducted research to investigate the causes of heavy snowfall in 2018, which led to catastrophic losses in grape production in southern Europe.
Studies have shown that the cause of the accident was a decrease in the amount of ice in the Arctic.
"A 50% decrease in ice has led to an increase in the area of ice-free water, which began to evaporate strongly in winter. The characteristics of atmospheric steam in the southern Arctic indicate that the source is the open surface of the Barents Sea," the study said.