Azerbaijan National Academy of Science

The aptly-named 'Farout' is a dwarf planet that sits farther from the Sun than anything else in the solar system we know about.

Astronomers spotted a previously undiscovered dwarf planet hiding so far away they decided to give it the nickname "Farout."

The newfound tiny world is the most distant object ever found in our solar system. Farout orbits the sun at about 120 astronomical units (AU)—in other words, 120 times as far from the Sun as the Earth. By comparison, Pluto is only about 30 to 50 AU, and the previous record holder, Eris, is about 96 AU.

Farout was discovered by a trio of astronomers that specializes in hunting distant solar system objects. A few months ago, this same astronomy team spotted ‘The Goblin,’ another distant world that was given its spooky name due to its discovery around Halloween. That planet was much closer than Farout, though.

One of the challenges of identifying distant solar system objects like Farout is correctly mapping the paths of their orbits. Knowing a planet’s orbit can tell us a great deal about its history and even hint at other worlds waiting to be discovered. The Goblin, for instance, has an extremely elongated orbit that suggests a large planet in the distant solar system could be interfering with it.

In this case, though, astronomers will have to wait a while to determine Farout’s orbit. The farther an object is from the Sun, the slower it moves, and astronomers need to see Farout move quite a bit in its orbit before they can figure out its path. When they manage to calculate it, it might help to point toward that same hypothesized planet that was suspected of antagonizing "The Goblin."

That suspected Planet Nine was first proposed in 2016, and plenty of astronomers have spent the last few years hunting for it. But the solar system is a big place, and there are a lot of places for even a big planet to hide. But every distant world we discover helps us confirm a result or rule something out, and someday soon we’ll know whether or not Planet Nine is really lurking out there somewhere.

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